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Diabetes Nursing Care Plan: 2 Sample Plans and Interventions

Med-Surg · Written by Professor Foxx, RN, MSN · Updated October 2026

Diabetes affects how the body uses glucose. Nursing care focuses on keeping glucose in range, preventing highs and lows, and teaching self-management for life.

A · AssessmentD · DiagnosisP · PlanningI · InterventionE · Evaluation

Each care plan below follows the nursing process (ADPIE).

CARE PLAN 1 · NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level

Related to
  • Insulin deficiency or resistance
  • Inconsistent diet, activity, or medication use
  • Illness or stress
As evidenced by
  • (Risk diagnosis: no signs yet)
PLANNING · EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Short-term goals
  • Fasting glucose stays between 80 and 130 mg/dL, or as ordered, during the stay
  • Client recognizes signs of high and low glucose
Long-term goals
  • A1C below 7% (or the provider's goal) within 3 to 6 months
ASSESSMENT
  • Glucose before meals and at bedtime
  • Signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
  • A1C, diet, and activity patterns
INTERVENTIONS AND RATIONALES
INTERVENTIONRATIONALE
Give insulin or oral medications as ordered, timed with mealsMatches medicine to food intake to prevent highs and lows.
Treat glucose under 70 with 15 g of fast carbs and recheck in 15 minutesThe rule of 15 safely raises glucose.
Teach carb counting with a dietitianConsistent carbs help keep glucose steady.
Teach sick-day rulesIllness can raise glucose even when the client eats less.

EVALUATION

  • Glucose readings stay in the goal range
  • Client demonstrates glucose checks and insulin technique
CARE PLAN 2 · NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Deficient Knowledge (Diabetes Self-Management)

Related to
  • New diagnosis
  • Limited exposure to information
As evidenced by
  • Questions about diet and medications
  • Inaccurate insulin technique
PLANNING · EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Short-term goals
  • Client demonstrates insulin injection and glucose testing before discharge
Long-term goals
  • Client manages diabetes independently at home
ASSESSMENT
  • Readiness to learn, health literacy, and barriers
INTERVENTIONS AND RATIONALES
INTERVENTIONRATIONALE
Use teach-backConfirms the client understood.
Teach foot care and eye examsPrevents long-term complications.
Include familySupport improves adherence.

EVALUATION

  • Client correctly explains and demonstrates the self-care plan

Practice this in Pharmacy

Practice insulin and diabetes medication safety.

Play Pharmacy

Quick answers

Is "Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose" a real diagnosis?

Yes. It is a risk diagnosis, so it has no "as evidenced by" signs yet. You list risk factors instead.

For learning only. Individualize every care plan to your client, and follow your program, current guidelines, provider orders, and facility policy.

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